Graphene oxide is produced by the oxidation of graphite followed by exfoliation of oxidized graphite. Potts a, aruna velamakanni a, shanthi murali a, rodney s. This work describes the synthesis of graphene oxide go by both hummers and modified hummers method and its characterization by xrd, ftir spectroscopy and sem. The flow chart for synthesis of go is given in figure 3. An improved hummers method for ecofriendly synthesis of. We have found that excluding the nano3, increasing the amount of kmno4, and performing the reaction in a 9. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper nature. Pdf synthesis and fabrication of graphene and graphene.
Graphene has received so much attention due to its exceptional electronic. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and reduced. However, go can be prepared by various synthesis routes, leading to different concentrations of the attached oxygen functional groups. Jul 26, 2007 here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a freestanding carbonbased membrane material made by flowdirected assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. Currently, hummers method kmno4, nano3, h2so4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. In this study, we investigated the directional heating of graphene oxide go dispersion to generate a temperature gradient and form a simulated ocean current inside the dispersion so that go sheets could be aligned in a directional manner and then reduced and selfassembled into anisotropic reduced graphene oxide rgo gel. This introduction to graphene has been created to impart a general understanding of what graphene is, the types of graphene available, as well as synthesis methods and applications of graphene.
Graphene oxide is not a good conductor, but processes exist to augment its properties. Graphene can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition e. Synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers method. We have found that excluding the nano 3, increasing the amount of kmno 4, and performing the reaction in a 9. The schematic structure of graphite oxide go was shown in figure 5. Conclusion we applied improved hummeras method in our experiment as to produce graphene oxide, and different from conventional hummer method because synthesis graphene oxide without using nano3. In this context, antimicrobial nanohybrids are an alternative due to their synergistic properties. However, once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide rgo obtained is more difficult to disperse due to its tendency to create aggregates. Keywords chemical vapor deposition cvd epitaxial mechanical exfoliation pecvd reduction graphene oxide rgo unzipping method introduction carbon. Pdf structure and synthesis of graphene oxide researchgate. Currently, hummers method kmno 4, nano 3, h 2so 4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. May 01, 2015 synthesis of graphene, various methods, mechanism, advantages and drawbacks, preparation of ndoped graphene. Louis, mo, usa were dissolved in 300 ml of sulfuric acid h2so4, 98%, scharlab s.
Effect of graphene oxide synthesis method on properties. Special issue synthesis and applications of graphite oxide. Researchers across multiple disciplines have paid enormous attention to it due to the unique physiochemical properties. Lu 78 reported the synthesis of au nanoparticles aupns on. Grafting thin layered graphene oxide onto the surface of. In this study, we used an environmentally friendly onestep approach to synthesize graphene oxide go decorated with silver. Aug 02, 2017 for more details please logon to instanano nanotechnology at instanat synthesis of graphene oxide hummers method synthesis of go modified hummers method how to synthesized graphene. Graphene synthesis, properties, and applications cheap tubes. The preparation of graphene oxide and its derivatives and their. Optimization of the synthesis procedures of graphene and. Graphene, a 2d sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a chicken wire pattern, is a fascinating material that boasts many exciting properties like mechanical strength, thermal and electrical conductivity, intriguing optical properties and more. Ruoff a, a department of mechanical engineering and the texas materials institute, the university of texas at austin, one university station c2200. A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of h 2 so 4 h 3 po 4 acids and potassium permanganate.
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide nanoparticles. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Graphene and graphene oxide graphene sheets can be obtained using a number of procedures. Highefficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on improved. Hummers method is a chemical process that can be used to generate graphite oxide through the addition of potassium permanganate to a solution of graphite, sodium nitrate, and sulfuric acid. Various methods for the synthesis of graphene oxide are discussed in this chapter.
Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. Go plays important roles in the sustainable development of energy and the environment, taking advantages of oxygencontaining functional groups for good dispersibility and assembly. This work describes the synthesis of graphene oxide go by both hummers and. Graphene oxide is the oxidized form of graphene produced by oxidizing crystal graphite with a mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate the hummers method. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide american chemical society. Scalability is an important factor for the synthesis of graphene, and one of the most popular approaches towards graphite exfoliation is the use of strong oxidizing agents to obtain graphene oxide go, a nonconductive hydrophilic carbon material 5 6. Meeting the requirements, graphene oxide go has been considered widely as a prominent precursor and a starting material for the synthesis of this processable material. Jan 31, 2015 synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers method. It is commonly used by engineering and lab technicians as a reliable method of producing quantities of graphite oxide. The field of nanotechnology has advanced following the discovery of a twodimensional material of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms, graphene in 2004 by geim and novoselov. The reduction of graphene oxide to produce reduced graphene oxide is extremely important.
Ruoff a, a department of mechanical engineering and the texas materials institute, the university of texas at austin, one university station c2200, austin, tx 787120292, usa b department of chemistry, inha university, incheon 402751, republic. Drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms has become a global public health problem, which has prompted the development of new materials with antimicrobial properties. Graphene oxide go is a biocompatible nanomaterial possessing good antibacterial activity. It shows that, nano3 does not affect the synthesis method to produce graphene oxide. Synthesis and characterization of novel nano derivatives. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Reduced graphene oxide is an excellent candidate for various electronic devices such as high performance gas sensors. Pdf synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers. However, being hydrophilic, graphite oxide disperses readily in water, breaking up into macroscopic flakes, mostly one layer thick. The reduced graphene oxide rgo is obtained by thermal reduction of go in ar5% h 2 at various temperatures for 2 h.
Graphene oxide is a form of graphene that includes oxygen. Todays graphene is normally produced using mechanical or thermal exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition cvd, and epitaxial growth. Here we report, a detailed investigation of graphene oxide go, reduced graphene oxide rgo and sulfophenylmodi ed rgo srgo by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene like materials, is also discussed.
Hydrazinereduction of graphite and graphene oxide sungjin park a,b, jinho an a, jeffrey r. Theoretical calculations of the reduction of graphene oxide the model used for graphene oxide had the graphene decorated with hydroxyl and epoxide groups suggest that reduction below 6. Pdf the aim of this study is to study the influence of different solvents on the structure and electrical properties of graphene oxide. Although graphite oxide is a multilayer system, monolayer flakes and fewlayer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a freestanding carbonbased membrane material made by flow. Go powder thus obtained was dried at room temperature. An improved hummers method without using nano 3 can produce graphene oxide nearly the same to that prepared by conventional hummers method. Abstract graphene oxide go is one typical twodimension structured and oxygenated planar molecular material. Keywords chemical vapor deposition cvd epitaxial mechanical exfoliation pecvd reduction graphene oxide rgo unzipping method introduction carbon is a ubiquitous material that has been ever found. Synthesis of graphene mechanical exfoliation epp gitaxial growth on silicon carbide epitaxial growth on metal substrates reduction of graphene oxide solution processible, mass producible, simple and cheap novoselovet al. Graphene oxide go can be regarded as one typical twodimension structured oxygenated planar molecular material. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. Synthesis and characterization of sulfophenylfunctionalized. The optimization of both the chemical vapor deposition cvd synthesis method to prepare graphene and the improved hummers method to prepare graphite oxide is reported.
Pdf structure and synthesis of graphene oxide semantic. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in organic solvents, water, and different matrixes. Composites an alternative synthesis route to graphene oxide. In go sp2 bonded carbon atoms arranged in a single layered. Currently, hummers method kmno 4, nano 3, h 2 so 4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. Here we propose a strategy of radical oxidation reaction for the highefficiency production of graphene oxide go. Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene. Since the first report on mechanical exfoliation of monolayer graphene in 2004, interest in graphite oxide which is produced by. Synthesis and characterization of novel nano derivatives of. Graphene, a oneatom thick twodimensional crystal, has attracted tremendous attention for its unusual electronic properties and possible application in various.
Synthesis of graphene oxide scientific research publishing. A low cost, nonexplosive process for the synthesis of graphene oxide go is demonstrated. Sigmaaldrich offers a number of graphene oxide products. Graphene synthesis single layer few layers micromechanical cleavage of hopg chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide 26 layers. Research article preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. Research across multiple disciplines has put it alone at the topmost concern due to unique physiochemical properties. Chapter 3 synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Pdf graphene oxide go can be regarded as one typical twodimension structured oxygenated planar molecular material. In this work graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing graphite to form graphite oxide. Graphite oxide itself is an insulator, almost a semiconductor, with differential conductivity between 1 and 5. Synthesis variables were optimized according to a thickness value, calculated using a homemade excelvba. Chemical means are a practical approach for the bulk scale synthesis of graphene. Synthesis of graphene, various methods, mechanism, advantages and drawbacks, preparation of ndoped graphene.
Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers method. For more details please logon to instanano nanotechnology at instanat synthesis of graphene oxide hummers method synthesis of go modified hummers method how to synthesized graphene. As an important precursor and derivate of graphene, graphene oxide go has received wide attention in recent years. A simple approach to stepwise synthesis of graphene oxide. Abstract an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. Copper and nickel were used as catalysts in the cvdgraphene synthesis, ch4 and h2being used as precursor gases. And currently, synthesis methods for mass production are seemingly. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphenelike materials, is also discussed. Using suitable choice of reaction parameters including temperature and time, this recipe does not. Highefficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on. Compared with hummers method, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is considered facile and. Graphite oxide go was synthesized by a modified hummers method. Lewin1 1tony davies high voltage laboratory, department of electronics and computer science, faculty of engineering and physical sciences, university of southampton, southampton, uk.
Graphene oxide is an oxidized form of graphene, laced with oxygencontaining groups. It can be considered as a precursor for graphene synthesis by either thermal or chemical reduction processes. These derivatives have been characterized by ftir, h1 nmr, xrd and fsem. However, models used to describe the structure of go are still in dispute and ongoing to update. Graphite oxide, formerly called graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers. Synthesis of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide page 70 to exfoliate the layers figure 3. Graphene oxide has many carboxylic groups within its molecular structure, which is perfect for esterification and imidation, the derivatives graphene oxide gap, gso when reaction grapheme oxide with 2amino pyridine gap and 2hydroxy5sulfobenzoic acid gso. Currently, synthesis methods for massive production are seemingly abundant but in fact.
Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. By using hydrazine hydrate, the epoxy group in graphite oxide was reduced then the solution. The synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and graphene oxide. There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. Photosynergetic electrochemical synthesis of graphene oxide. The maximally oxidized bulk product is a yellow solid with c.
Research article preparation and characterization of. Go was prepared according to the modi ed hummer method. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and. However, the synthesis of go in an economical and efficient way remains a great. Structurally, graphene oxide can be visualized as a graphene sheet with its basal plane decorated by oxygencontaining.
Theresulting rgocan bedispersed in waterandthedispersion stayed stable for few hours, as shown in fig. The patterns of xrd calculated particles size using. Similarly, its functionalization is important to modify its properties and open up its applications to the areas. It is considered easy to process since it is dispersible in water and other solvents, and it can even be used to make graphene. In addition, because of the large amount of oxygencontaining functional groups 7, go shows excellent hydrophilicity, and is relatively easily dispersed in water and even in other solvents through further modi. Jul 21, 2017 graphene oxide is produced by the oxidation of graphite followed by exfoliation of oxidized graphite.
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